Sector-wise Expenditure
Sector-wise analysis of expenditure under SCA to TSP in the State during 1985-00 shows that Rs. 633.27 lakh (28.82 %) was utilised for Agricultural Schemes (Table 4). An amount of Rs. 312.06 lakh (14.2 %) was spent for Village and Small Scale Industries Sector, including self-employment and training programmes and Rs. 39.97 lakh (1.82 %) for the supply of milch cows and work bulls by the Animal Husbandry Department. For Minor Irrigation Schemes, an amount of Rs. 59.77 lakh (2.72 %) was expended which included construction of wells/check dams in tribal areas. Under Minimum Needs Programme, an amount of Rs, 12.95 lakh was expended mainly for cultivation of medicinal/aromatic plants in tribal areas and treatment/Medical Mission. For education, Rs. 111.93 lakhs (5.09%) was spent in the State. This included establishment of single teacher schools in remote tribal areas, tribal hostels/balawadies. An amount of Rs. 619.19 lakh (28.18 %) was spent for Need Based Schemes of the tribals in the State. Need Based Schemers included development of primitive tribes, housing, share capital grant to societies, supply of vitamin food, assistance to tribal Mahila Samithis, assistance to major tribal development projects, supply of country boats etc.
Table. 4
Sector-wise Classification of SCA to TSP Schemes
(Rs. lakhs)Education Land Reforms Need Based Schemes Headquarters Schemes Unclassified (TDO SultanBatheri)
Note: Figures in brackets denote percentages to total.Agriculture
During 1985-00, an amount of Rs.633.27 lakhs (28.82%) was spent for Agriculture schemes under SCA to TSP. Of this an amount of Rs.324.82, lakhs (51.29 %) was utilised for Hamlet Development and an amount of Rs.156.87 lakhs (24.77 %) for Rubber Cultivation. The remaining funds were expended for Horticulture Development, Cotton Cultivation and Sericulture.Out of the total expenditure in the Agriculture sector the highest expenditure of Rs. 160.26 lakhs (25.31 %) was recorded in ITDP, Idukki followed by ITDP/TDOs in Wayanad district (Rs.153.9 lakhs) i.e., ITDP, Kalpetta; TDO, Mananthavady and TDO, Sulthan Batheri. The lowest expenditure for agricultural programmes was reported by the TDO, Palakkad.
Village and Small Scale Industries
An amount of Rs 312.06 lakhs was expended under Village and Small Scale Industries sector which comes 14.2 % of the total expenditure under SCA to TSP of the State during 1985-00. Of this, Rs.131.59 lakhs was utilised for self-employment programme for unemployed youths and Rs.73.26 lakhs for employment programme for tribal women. An analysis of ITDP/TDO-wise expenditure incurred for village and small scale industries reveals that an higher quantum of funds was expended in the sector by TDO, Mananthavady (Rs. 77.31 lakhs), followed by ITDP, Kalpetta (Rs 54.04 lakhs) in Wayanad District.Animal Husbandry
An amount of Rs.39.97 lakhs was expended for Animal Husbandry programmes under SCA to TSP during 1985-00. The entire amount was utilised for supply of Milk cows/work bulls by most of the ITDPs/TDOs. Of this, Rs.15.79 lakhs was spent in Wayanad District through ITDP, Kalpetta; TDO, Mananthavady and TDO Sulthan Batheri.
Minor Irrigation
An amount of Rs.59.77 lakhs was expended for the construction of wells/check dams under Minor Irrigation. Out of the total expenditure, Rs.26.58 lakhs was expended by ITDP, Kalpetta; Rs.8.78 lakhs by TDO, Mananthavady and Rs. 2.24 lakhs by TDO, Sulthan Batheri in Wayanad District.Minimum Needs Programme
Of the total expenditure Rs.12.95 lakhs was spent for Minimum Needs Programme. The TDO, Kalpetta spent an amount of Rs. 6.20 lakhs for the implementation of various schemes under Minimum Needs Programme, which included cultivation of medicinal plants and treatment/medical mission.
Education
ITDPs/TDOs expended Rs.111.93 lakhs for educational schemes during the period 1985-2000. ITDP, Idukki expended the maximum amount under this category (Rs. 52.22 lakhs) followed by ITDP, Attappady (Rs.38.59 lakhs). No expenditure under this head was incurred by TDO, SultanBathery and ITDP, Kannur. The entire amount for education was spent for the establishment of Single Teacher Schools in the tribal areas, Other Educational Programmes for the development of tribals and for Tribal hostels/Balawadies.Land Reforms
An amount of Rs.30.24 lakhs was spent under Land Reforms, during the period 1985-00. Out of the total expenditure in this category, ITDP Kannur spent Rs.12.2 lakhs (40.34%) followed by ITDP Idukki (Rs.9.24 lakhs). Survey of Tribal lands and purchase of land for tribals were the major schemes implemented under Land Reforms.
Need Based Schemes
An amount of Rs.619.19 lakhs (28.18%) was utilised for Need Based Schemes. Of this, Rs.269.97 lakhs (43.60%) was utilised for the development of primitive tribes. TDO, Mananthavady stood first in utilising the funds for primitive tribes with Rs.173.15 lakhs followed by TDO, Palakkad (Rs.87.51 lakhs). Thiruvananthapuram and Kannur Districts had not spent much for the programme. The amount expended by them was only Rs.1.86 lakhs and Rs.1.55 lakhs respectively. Programmes implemented under this scheme included housing, printing, supply of vitamin food, construction of causeway, assistance to Girijan Societies/Mahila Samithis etc.
Schemes Directly Implemented by the Directorate.
An amount of Rs.117.37 lakhs was expended under SCA to TSP directly by the Headquarters (Director, Scheduled Tribes Development Department) in the Districts. Of this, Rs. 66.23 lakhs (56.43 %) was utilised for Literacy Programme in tribal areas during 1997-00. Headquarters expenses (Rs. 127.21 lakhs during 1985-00) included Administrative Costs, PTGs Insurance, Study of Physical fitness, Grant to KSDC for SCs/STs and Grant to KSSC/ST Fed etc.